Herbs for menstrual pain

#Menstruation - the "period"

Menstruation is the periodic flow of blood from the uterus through the cervix and out through the vagina. It is also called the "period". Menstruation occurs during the years between puberty and menopause. 

Monthly menstrual periods are a normal part of a woman's life. They are essential for renewing the lining of the uterus in preparation for pregnancy. The menstrual cycle provides chemicals that are important for the body, the so-called hormones, for maintaining health. It also prepares the body for pregnancy every month.

A cycle is counted from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. The average length is 28 days, and it can vary from 21 to 35 days in adults and from 21 to 45 days in young teenagers.

In the following lines we will discuss this physiological process and the complications associated with it in detail, including traditional ways of easing such discomfort and the most commonly used herbs, herbal tinctures, suitable nutrition and home remedies.

#Menstrual disorders

There are a number of different menstrual disorders. The problems can range from heavy, painful periods to no periods at all. 

There is a lot of variation in the menstrual cycle, but in general women should be concerned when their periods come less than 21 days apart, more than 3 months apart, or last longer than 10 days. Such cases may be an indication of problems with ovulation or other medical conditions.

#Dysmenorrhoea - painful cramps

Dysmenorrhoea refers to severe, frequent disturbances during menstruation. The pain appears in the lower abdomen but can spread to the lower back and thighs. 

Dysmenorrhoea is usually either primary or secondary.

• Primary dysmenorrhoea

is cramping pain caused by menstruation. The cramps result from contractions in the uterus and are usually more severe during heavy bleeding.

• Secondary dysmenorrhoea

is menstrual pain that accompanies another medical or physical condition, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids.

#Menorrhagia - heavy bleeding 

Menorrhagia is menstrual flow that lasts longer and is heavier than normal. Bleeding occurs at regular intervals (during menstruation). It usually lasts more than 7 days, and women lose an excessive amount of blood (more than 80 ml).

Menorrhagia is often accompanied by dysmenorrhoea, since passing large clots can cause painful cramps.

#Amenorrhoea - absence of menstruation

Amenorrhoea has two categories: primary amenorrhoea and secondary. These terms refer to the time when menstruation stops.

• Primary amenorrhoea 

occurs when a girl still has not had a period by the age of 16.

Girls who show no signs of sexual development (breast development and pubic hair) by the age of 13 should be seen by a healthcare professional. Any girl who has not had a period by the age of 15 should be assessed for primary amenorrhoea.

• Secondary amenorrhoea 

occurs when a cycle that was previously regular stops for at least 3 months.

#Oligomenorrhoea - light or infrequent menstruation

Oligomenorrhoea is a condition in which menstrual cycles are infrequent - more than 35 days apart. It is very common in early adolescence and usually does not indicate a medical problem.

#Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)  

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of physical, emotional and behavioural symptoms that occur during the last week of the luteal phase (the week before menstruation) in most cycles. 

Symptoms usually do not begin until at least day 13 of the cycle and subside within 4 days of the start of bleeding. Women can begin to have symptoms of premenstrual syndrome at any time during their reproductive years, but it usually happens when they are between their late 20s and early 40s.

#Symptoms and signs of menstrual pain

Many women experience pain during their period, especially in their teenage years. 

The symptoms and the degree of pain vary and may include the following:

• Abdominal cramps or a dull ache that moves to the lower back and legs
• Heavy menstrual flow
• Headache
• Nausea
• Constipation or diarrhoea
• Frequent urination
• Vomiting (uncommon)
• Lower back pain
• Diarrhoea

#Causes of painful menstrual cramps 

There may be a number of factors that lead to menstrual disorders. Listed below are some of the health conditions known to cause severe menstrual pain and cramps:

#Hormonal imbalance

Hormonal imbalance is one of the most common causes of menstrual cramps.

Prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances, trigger contractions in the muscles of the uterus, which also leads to pain. The higher the prostaglandin level, the more likely it is that menstrual cramps will be more severe.

#Pelvic inflammatory disease 

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a disease, or rather an infection,

affecting the female reproductive organs. It is one of the most serious complications of sexually transmitted diseases in women. It can lead to irreversible damage to the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes or other parts of the female reproductive system, and it is a cause of cramps as well as a leading preventable cause of infertility in women.

#Myoma - uterine fibroids 

Uterine fibroids are very common non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They can range in size from very small to larger than a melon. Sometimes they can cause the uterus to enlarge to the size of a five-month pregnancy.

#Cervical stenosis

Cervical stenosis is when the opening of the cervix is rather small and therefore obstructs the flow of blood. This causes the pressure in the uterus to increase, along with the pain.

#Adenomyosis 

Adenomyosis is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) breaks through the muscular wall of the uterus. Adenomyosis can cause menstrual pain, lower abdominal pressure and bloating before menstrual periods, and can lead to heavy periods.

#Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a very painful health condition in which the tissues that should line the walls of the uterus become established outside it and implant in other parts of the body (usually in other organs in the pelvic area) - mainly the fallopian tubes, the pelvic tissues and the ovaries. 

This can lead to problems such as pain in the pelvic area, including the lower back, before or during menstruation. It causes menstrual disorders.

#Complications associated with the menstrual cycle 

#Anaemia  - a reduction in red blood cells

Menorrhagia is the most common cause of anaemia in premenopausal women. Blood loss of more than 80 ml (about three tablespoons) during a period can eventually lead to anaemia. 

Most cases are generally mild, but even so, even mild anaemia can reduce the transport of oxygen in the blood, causing fatigue and reduced physical capacity. 

Moderate to severe anaemia can cause shortness of breath, a rapid pulse, dizziness, headache, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), irritability, pale skin, restless legs syndrome and mental confusion.

#Osteopenia - loss of bone density

Amenorrhoea caused by reduced oestrogen levels is associated with osteopenia. 

Conditions associated with low oestrogen levels include eating disorders, pituitary tumours and premature ovarian insufficiency.

#Osteoporosis - a more severe form of bone loss

Osteoporosis is a condition characterised by progressive loss of bone density, thinning of bone tissue and increased vulnerability to fractures. Osteoporosis can result from

disease or nutritional or hormonal deficiency.

#Infertility

Some conditions associated with heavy bleeding - such as ovulation abnormalities, fibroids or endometriosis - are important contributors to infertility. 

Many conditions that cause amenorrhoea - such as ovulation abnormalities and polycystic ovary syndrome - can also cause infertility.

#When should we contact a medical professional?

We should call our healthcare provider immediately if we have:

• Increased or unpleasant-smelling vaginal discharge.
• Fever and pelvic pain.
• Sudden or severe pain, especially if our period is more than 1 week late and we have been sexually active.

Also if:

• Treatment does not relieve the pain after 3 months.
• We have pain and had an IUD fitted more than 3 months ago.
• We pass blood clots or have other symptoms along with the pain.
• Our pain occurs at a time other than menstruation, begins more than 5 days before it, or continues after it ends.

#What to expect at the doctor's surgery

Our healthcare provider will examine us and ask questions about our medical history and symptoms.

Tests and procedures that may be carried out include:

• Full blood count (FBC)
• Tests to rule out sexually transmitted infections
• Laparoscopy
• Ultrasound

Treatment depends on what is causing the pain.

#Treatment options for menstrual pain:

#Drug therapies

Initial treatment is aimed at relieving the pain.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs help to ease it. However, they can cause stomach upset, so taking them with food may help. Long-term use may also increase the risk of stomach bleeding. These drugs include over-the-counter medicines such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. Prescription ones are also available.

Contraceptive pills and patches may help relieve the pain and may be prescribed for problems such as endometriosis.

Intrauterine devices. They reduce menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhoea.

In cases of menstrual pain caused by pelvic inflammatory disease, the healthcare provider will prescribe antibiotics.

#Complementary and alternative therapies

Some women find that changing their diet makes their cramps milder. Mind-body techniques such as meditation and acupuncture and exercises such as yoga and tai chi can also help relieve pain. Taking herbs in the form of tea, tablets, herbal extracts, aromatic essential oils and massage is also helpful during these periods.

#Nutrition against menstrual pain

• Eat foods that are rich in calcium, including beans, almonds and dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and cabbage.
• Eat foods high in antioxidants, including fruits such as blueberries, cherries and tomatoes, and vegetables such as pumpkin and peppers.
• Eat more lean meat, cold-water fish, tofu (soy, if you are not allergic) or beans for protein.
• Use healthy oils for cooking, such as olive oil or vegetable oil.
• Some women find that adding soy milk to their diet helps relieve menstrual pain.
• Avoid refined foods such as white bread, pasta and sugar.

• Eliminate the trans fatty acids found in commercially available baked goods such as biscuits, crackers, pastries, chips, onion rings, doughnuts, processed foods and margarine.
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol and tobacco.
   
• Drink 6 to 8 glasses of filtered water a day.
• Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week.
• Some studies also suggest that following a gluten-free diet has helped reduce the painful symptoms of endometriosis.

#Supplements for easing menstrual disorders

The following supplements may also help relieve menstrual pain:

#Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil - reduce inflammation. 

Studies have found that women who took fish oil had less menstrual pain than those who took a placebo. Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the risk of bleeding, especially for people taking blood thinners such as clopidogrel, warfarin or aspirin. We should consult our healthcare provider before taking omega-3 fatty acids.

#Calcium citrate

Our body needs calcium for healthy bones. Calcium may also help reduce menstrual pain because it helps maintain muscle tone. 

Calcium citrate is the form of calcium that our body absorbs most easily. We should not forget that we may be getting some calcium from the food we eat, so we should seek advice before taking calcium supplements.

#Vitamin D

Vitamin D helps our body use calcium and may reduce inflammation. Vitamin D can interact with a number of medicines, so we should also seek advice before taking more than the recommended daily dose.

#Vitamin E

Vitamin E may help reduce menstrual pain. In one study, 100 young women took 500 IU of vitamin E or a placebo for 5 days (2 days before and 3 days after the start of menstruation). Those who took vitamin E reported less pain than those who took the placebo. 

Vitamin E may increase the risk of bleeding, especially if you are already taking blood thinners. People with heart disease, diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa or cancer of the head, neck or prostate should avoid high doses of vitamin E without first asking their healthcare provider.

#Magnesium

Preliminary studies show that magnesium may help reduce menstrual pain. Too much magnesium can cause diarrhoea and a drop in blood pressure. If you have digestive problems or heart disease, talk to a healthcare provider before taking this supplement. Magnesium can interact with many medicines, including antibiotics; bone-building medicines; diuretics (water pills); and other medicines.

#Phytomedicine

Phytomedicine has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Plant parts such as the flowers, fruit, seeds, root, rhizome, leaves and bark are used for this purpose. 

In the past, communities (such as Native Americans and Africans) used herbs in their healing rituals. The ancient Chinese and Egyptians also used medicinal plants as early as 3000 BC. Ayurveda is a medical system practised mainly in India, which has been known for its use of plant products for almost 5,000 years. Unani medicine is another well-known system of traditional medicine that has helped humankind for centuries by relieving illness with herbal remedies - products of plant origin. 

Nowadays, as herbalism becomes more and more widespread, analysis and quality control are continually being built upon, along with advances in clinical research, which add value to plants in the treatment and prevention of disease. 

#Herbs for menstrual disorders 

Herbs are usually available as standardised dried extracts (pills, capsules or tablets), teas, and tinctures or liquid extracts (extraction with alcohol). We can mix liquid extracts with a favourite drink.

There is a range of plant products that are widely used for many health problems, with healing or supportive potential. 

#Ginger for menstrual cramps

Ginger is a commonly used herb in Chinese medicine because of its ability to warm the body and drive out cold. It can help by “fighting off” the common cold, soothe the stomach when there is nausea, and it is also anti-inflammatory. The root is also good for seafood poisoning, which is why it is usually served with sushi.

Ginger may also help reduce pain during the period, as it blocks the excess formation of prostaglandins (pro-inflammatory chemicals). These help the uterus contract during menstruation and shed its lining. Excess prostaglandins are associated with menstrual cramps and severe pain. Ginger may help reduce this!

Because of its soothing effect on digestion, it can also be very useful if you tend to get bloating, loose stools and nausea around your period.

It has been shown that during the first 3-4 days of the menstrual cycle, taking 750 mg – 2000 mg of powdered ginger, or 20-30 drops of herbal ginger tincture for menstrual pain 2 or 3 times a day, is extremely effective at easing the intensity and duration of cramps. In addition, ginger also eases other PMS symptoms such as nausea and headache.

#Black cohosh helps ease menstrual cramps

Black cohosh “Cimicifuga racemosa” (Actea racemosa; Ranunculaceae), also known as Cimicifuga, is widely used to treat problems related to women's health and has many traditional uses as well. 

The herb has been used for more than 40 years in Europe to treat menstrual pain.

• For painful ovulation with bleeding
• For spasmodic pain during menstruation
• For back pain, torticollis and tendinitis

The usual dose is between 1 - 2 ml of black cohosh tincture , two to three times a day, taken during menstruation.

Many clinical and preclinical studies confirm that the aqueous or ethanolic extract of black cohosh does not contain an oestrogenic compound but rather has neurotransmitter-like activity that has a positive effect on postmenopausal syndrome.

The dried root of the plant is used.

The herb may interact with medicines processed by the liver, so it is advisable to consult a health professional before taking it.

#Chaste tree in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome

Chaste tree or Abraham's tree - - “Vitex agnus castus” (Chasteberry) is also known as the Tree of Chastity, Sacred Bush, King Tree, Vitex and Monk's Pepper. 

It is mainly used as a traditional treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS), irregular menstrual cycles, a more severe form of PMS (called premenstrual dysphoria), for menopausal symptoms and other problems with women's reproductive health.

The fruit and seeds of Vitex agnus-castus contain substances that appear to affect many of the hormones involved in the female reproductive cycle. In fact, it was already used in this way in Ancient Greece. Its fruit has historically been used to reduce sexual desire. In Turkish medicine, Abraham's tree is also used as a digestive, antifungal and anti-anxiety remedy.

Properties of the plant:

• Helps keep prolactin levels normally low.
• Regulates the hormonal balance in the body.
• Eases breast tenderness and regulates the menstrual cycle.
• Suppresses sexual desire.
• Strengthens the reproductive system.
• Eases the symptoms of the onset of the climacteric.
• Has antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory action.
• Reduces headache, protects against epilepsy, helps bones heal.

The fruit is considered a tonic for the reproductive system in both sexes. The leaves, flowers and fruit can be consumed in the form of a decoction, tincture, syrup or elixirs, or simply eaten straight from the plant as an alternative healing food.

Chaste tree is also known as "the woman's herb". It can interact with a number of medicines and may make contraceptive pills less effective, so consult a health professional before taking it.

#Female ginseng (Chinese angelica) for menstrual cramps

Chinese angelica, female ginseng (Angelica Sinensis, Dong Quai) 

is one of the most commonly used herbs in herbal gynaecology because of its remarkable effects on reproductive health.

In Chinese medicine, angelica is considered both to move the blood and to nourish the blood. This means it is a great herb for moving and circulating the blood flow before the start of the period in order to prevent cramps. And once the bleeding has ended, it can nourish the body by helping to restore the lost blood.

The main chemical constituents of Dang Gui have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating effects.

#Pharmacological effects of female ginseng

Angelica has a number of unique pharmacological effects related to cramps:

• Relaxes the uterus during cramps

It can relax the uterus when it is in a contracted state (when it contracts). This means it may help calm cramps and reduce pain.

• Has an antiplatelet effect 

From the point of view of Chinese medicine, this means that angelica promotes the movement of blood and protects it from stagnation, and stagnation or lack of circulation is one of the main culprits behind stabbing cramps.

• An analgesic and anti-inflammatory herb

It is considered both an analgesic and an anti-inflammatory herb. Angelica extract has been shown to have effects similar to aspirin, with its anti-inflammatory effect 1.1 times stronger than aspirin's and its analgesic effect 1.7 times stronger.

#Safflower for menstrual pain

This beautiful flower - safflower - stands out with its deep red colour and is extremely useful for menstrual cramps.

According to Chinese herbalism, safflower increases blood circulation and clears any blood blockages in the reproductive organs. It is used especially for menstrual pain and even for more pronounced blockages in the pelvis, such as fibroids.

#Yarrow can ease menstrual cramps

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium; Asteraceae), also called the herb that delivers from all ills - is a medicinal herb traditionally used to promote healthy blood circulation and reduce heavy menstrual bleeding, also called menorrhagia. It has antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties that are useful for easing menstrual cramps. If you have heavy and painful periods, the medicinal plant may help reduce or stop heavy bleeding, ease menstrual pain and regulate the menstrual cycle. 

Yarrow can be taken as a tea, in capsules or as a tincture.

#Yarrow tincture helps with menstrual pain

Yarrow - a herb for both women and men. On the one hand, the plant is called a men's herb because in the past it was used by soldiers to stop bleeding and as a painkiller; on the other hand, it is called a women's herb because of its marked positive effect on uterine bleeding, menstrual pain, menopause and much more. 

Yarrow can relax the smooth muscle of the intestines and uterus, which may ease stomach and menstrual cramps.

This herb is also renowned for its strong immunostimulating and antibacterial action!

Specialist herbalists are of the opinion that yarrow tincture helps with menstrual pain and is most suitable for: 

• Improving circulation in the uterus
• The menstrual cycle
• And reducing uterine bleeding

#Dill for menstrual pain

Dill is an ancient herb that has been used for centuries because of its extremely varied effects.

In Chinese medicine, dill is used as a warming plant that may help relieve pain caused by “coldness” in the lower abdomen.

One of the causes of menstrual pain from the point of view of Eastern medicine is the idea that cold invades the uterus and causes stagnation.

Think of water: when you heat water, it starts to move, and when you freeze it, all movement stops. Cold in the uterus has a similar effect. It slows things down and causes poor blood circulation, which causes pain.

This is the case for many women who say their cramps improve with a heating pad or a warming blanket on the abdomen.

Dill has been found to be an effective herbal supplement for menstrual pain and menstruation-related symptoms.

You can use dill seeds (Foeniculum vulgaris Mill; Apiaceae) by adding 4 g of them to a cup of boiling water, letting the mixture simmer over a low heat for five minutes, then removing it from the hob, straining the tea, adding honey and stirring well.

Drink this herbal tea twice a day, starting three days before the expected start date of your period.

#Fennel helps with menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhoea)

Taking fennel oil or tincture has an effect on pain and so improves the condition of people with menstrual cramps.

Painful periods, or dysmenorrhoea, are a common problem for many women, who often use over-the-counter medicines to treat the pain. However, many women who suffer from severe cramps and discomfort during their period do not find relief through this approach. Instead, they turn to alternative or complementary treatments. One of them is fennel - an elixir for the stomach and digestive tract.

#Fennel seed tincture for menstrual pain

Whether you use fennel seeds, extract or essential oil, it may help you with menstrual cramps (also known as dysmenorrhoea).

In the past, the herb was used to deal with various health problems, including menstrual cramps in particular.

Modern research also confirms that fennel really is useful in this respect, as well as for other PMS symptoms, and that it is even as effective as some pain medicines.

Scientists believe it does this by lowering the levels of hormones known as prostaglandins. When these hormones are elevated, they can have a pro-inflammatory effect, contributing to more frequent (and painful) contractions of the uterus.

So if you are looking for a natural way to soothe painful periods, fennel tincture is the solution for you.

• Tips for using fennel seed extract for menstrual pain

The most convenient way to use fennel during your period is in the form of a tincture.

If you are not familiar with what a tincture is, it is a concentrated herbal extract prepared by steeping the bark, fruit, leaves  (dried or fresh) or roots of one or more plants in ethyl alcohol, which contains the medicinal properties of the herb.

A tincture is prepared by steeping the herb in alcohol for several weeks. As the herb steeps, its medicinal constituents are released.

The resulting extract is very concentrated and can be used therapeutically.

You can order fennel tincture online from our website Bilkovi Tinkturi BG. We specialise in herbs and have been producing high-quality herbal extracts for decades.

The medicinal plant may help with nausea and weakness during menstruation and may reduce the severity of symptoms.

Fennel tincture may reduce menstrual pain by lowering the level of prostaglandins in the bloodstream.

Besides helping with menstrual cramps, herbalists have long relied on the plant as an aid to digestion. It can provide relief from:

• Constipation
• Wind
• Bloating
• Cramps caused by gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome

So if you are prone to gastrointestinal problems, this is one more reason to consider using “Foeniculum vulgare” during your menstrual cycle.

#Red raspberry leaves for menstrual cramps and PMS

Red raspberry leaves (Rubus Idaeus L; Rosaceae) are the next “women's herb” on our list, beneficial for women at different stages of life because of their remarkable benefits for reproductive health. 

The leaves contain fragarine, a compound that tones the pelvic area. This toning action seems to be one of the main reasons why women in the past used raspberry leaves for cramps and PMS. Fragarine is an alkaloid that helps reduce menstrual pain by relaxing and tightening the muscles of the uterus and pelvis.

Red raspberry leaves are also full of B vitamins, vitamin C and minerals, including potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus and iron, essential nutrients for a healthy menstrual cycle. In addition, being a good source of iron, they may also help prevent anaemia.

Drinking red raspberry leaf tea or tincture is an effective and gentle way to ease menstrual cramps, especially if you start drinking it 3 days before the start of your period. 

#Turmeric reduces menstrual blood loss

Including turmeric in our daily diet during menstruation may very well have a beneficial effect for women who experience heavy periods.

Because turmeric has anti-inflammatory properties, it can help effectively with a heavy flow. Because of its blood-thinning properties, it can potentially lead to increased blood circulation, which in some cases is a good thing. 

Turmeric - one of the most researched spices on the planet is a safe ingredient to use and something that can be used daily without worrying about side effects.

#Turmeric tincture for heavy periods

The anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) have been shown to reduce menstrual blood loss in women with excessive bleeding. 

We recommend taking a standardised turmeric extract for pain and heavy periods.

#St John's wort eases pain during menstruation

St John's wort (also Hypericum perforatum L; Hypericaceae, St John’s wort) can be used for nerve pain (neuralgia), anxiety and tension, which is why it is called the herb that is happiness in a bottle. It may also help with weakness, stress, irritability and sleep problems (insomnia). The medicinal plant eases pain due to certain conditions, such as sciatica, rheumatoid arthritis and menstruation. It may also ease itching and burning with haemorrhoids and vaginitis.

When applied topically, St John's wort may speed up healing in certain conditions. These include bruises, wounds, varicose veins, minor burns and sunburn.

#St John's wort tincture for menstrual cramps

St John's wort may have the following advantages as a herbal extract:

• Muscle relaxant. It is used to ease menstrual cramps.
• Mild tranquilliser. It may lift the mood.
• Nerve tonic. It may have a positive effect on the nervous system.
• Anti-inflammatory. It may reduce swelling.
• Astringent. This action contracts the tissues or ducts of the body.
• It may heal wounds and swellings.
• Antineoplastic. This means it may fight cancer.
• Antiviral. It may help fight viral infections. These may include herpes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Taken in the form of a herbal extract - herbal St John's wort tincture for menstrual cramps has a soothing action.

The tincture of this herb is taken orally at 20 - 30 drops (5 ml) dissolved in a glass of water - 2 or 3 times a day during menstruation. Consulting a health professional before taking it is recommended, as it may interact with medicines you may be taking.

#Chamomile eases painful cramps

Effective treatment of dysmenorrhoea is possible through the power of herbs. One of them is chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla; Asteraceae), which is used to treat this common female gynaecological problem.

Aromatic and beneficial, this herb is sweet and has small flowers that reduce inflammation in our body and have anticonvulsant properties. Chamomile is used for its remarkable characteristics, mainly for cramps; it has anti-inflammatory effects, so it is more effective for dysmenorrhoea and other gynaecological problems, easing the pain. It has the ability to reduce the heaviness during the period.

The results show that chamomile as a homeopathic complex is effective in reducing the intensity of pain.

#Guelder rose - a uterine tonic and muscle relaxant

Guelder rose (also Black haw; Viburnum opulus; Caprifoliaceae) contains a compound that can relax the uterus - scopoletin. It has been scientifically proven that this active glycoside has an antispasmodic effect on the muscles of the uterus, which explains its effectiveness for menstrual cramps and postpartum pain. People also use it for asthma, diarrhoea, labour pain and many other conditions.

With centuries of traditional use for women's health as a uterine tonic and muscle relaxant, guelder rose bark has been found to be used also to ease heavy bleeding both during the menstrual cycle and during menopause.

Viburnum opulus eases pain caused by ovarian cysts, fibroids and endometriosis. 

Main actions:

• Calming
• Sedative
• Muscle relaxant
• Antispasmodic
• Sedative
• Cardiac tonic
• Haemostatic
• Anti-inflammatory

Guelder rose root tincture can be added to water or fruit juice and taken as needed.

Traditional use: 2-3 ml 2-3 times a day or as directed by a herbalist.

• Precautions Guelder rose (Viburnum opulus)

People who take diuretics (water pills) or lithium should ask their healthcare providers before taking guelder rose bark.

Because of its salicin content, Black Haw should not be used by people who are allergic or sensitive to aspirin.

The herb should also be used with caution in people with kidney stones, as it contains oxalic acid.

Please always consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or taking prescription medicines before using the herb.

#Evening primrose for symptoms of premenstrual syndrome

Studies have found that evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis; EVENING PRIMROSE) is effective for easing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). 

Evening primrose opens its flower when everyone is falling asleep. It is a night plant, as its name suggests. Its nectar attracts moths, which pollinate it. Before dawn the pollinated flowers wither, and the following evening new ones appear. Many people have this ornamental plant in their gardens without knowing its power.

The herb “Oenothera biennis” is rich in gamma-linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid needed for the normal functioning of the body. 

This natural remedy: 

• Protects against cardiovascular disease.
• Prevents the formation of blood clots.
• Lowers blood pressure.
• Strengthens immunity.
• Improves brain function.
• Regulates hormones.
• And is very important for the skin.

The importance of gamma-linolenic acid was sensed intuitively by the peoples whose generations grew up with this plant. Native Americans always used it both as food and for medicinal purposes: they boiled the root of this plant and ate it like potatoes. The young shoots are eaten boiled or raw, as a salad. They made an infusion from the plant to combat sluggishness and obesity. The root was mashed and spread on ulcers and bruises, or chewed to strengthen the muscles and the whole body. 

Women used the herb to ease menstrual pain.

It may help ease PMS symptoms such as:

• Breast swelling
• Irritability
• Bloating
• Acne

Researchers believe that some people experience PMS because they are sensitive to the levels of prolactin in the body. 

Evening primrose oil helps regulate hormones, which helps reduce period symptoms such as cramps and helps with a regular cycle and a lighter flow.

People with a history of seizures should not take evening primrose. It may increase the risk of bleeding, especially in people who are already taking blood-thinning medicines.

#Sickle-leaved hare's ear (Bupleurum) for menstrual cramps

Sickle-leaved hare's ear (Bupleurum falcatum; Chai Hu), also known as pointed hare's ear or "world flora", is another commonly used gynaecological herb.

Bupleurum is a powerful plant for relieving the pain, depression and stress associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menopause.

• How does it heal?

In Chinese medicine, Bupleurum clears heat, raises yang qi and relieves tension. It acts directly on the liver, promoting its healthy function. It is also great for dealing with irritability and emotional instability.

The liver is an extremely important organ when it comes to the health of the menstrual cycle, because of its key role in oestrogen metabolism. When oestrogen metabolism is disrupted, this can lead to symptoms of “excess” oestrogen in the body, which can often show up as heavier periods, severe mood swings and painful cramps.

Sickle-leaved hare's ear helps the liver avoid congestion and function smoothly. An overloaded liver can lead to breast tenderness, mood swings, irritability and menstrual cramps. 

In Western medicine, Bupleurum has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It has been shown to reduce pain, fever and cough.

Fun fact: 

You may not have noticed, but Bupleurum flowers are often used in wedding bouquets.

• The pharmacological effects of sickle-leaved hare's ear include:

An analgesic and antipyretic herb, which means it may reduce pain and fever.

Anti-inflammatory and calming: it reduces inflammation and also calms the nervous system.

#White peony soothes muscle spasms

Another important gynaecological herb is white peony (Cynanchum otophyllum; Bai Shao). It nourishes the blood and softens the liver.

From the point of view of Chinese medicine, this means it may help build blood in the body and support the smooth functioning of the liver, which, as we mentioned a moment ago, is essential for oestrogen metabolism and lighter periods.

One of the interesting effects of white peony is its ability to soothe muscle spasms. It is often used for muscle and tendon pain caused by spasms. The uterus is also a muscle, and in the same way it may help it relax when there are cramps during menstruation.

Other pharmacological effects of white peony are:

• It reduces inflammation to help control pain.
• It has an antiplatelet effect, which means it helps prevent the stagnation of blood.
• It is a central nervous system depressant that calms the body and promotes better sleep.

In a study, intramuscular injections of a combination of white peony and liquorice were shown to have significant pain-relieving effects without any side effects.

#Tree peony for menstrual cramps

Tree peony - Latin name Paeonia Suffruticosa, Moutan Cortex (Mu Dan Pi) - draws heat out of the body and moves the blood.

When heat affects the reproductive organs, it can cause shorter menstrual cycles, heavy bleeding and a feverish feeling around menstruation. Poor blood circulation combined with heat can cause increased inflammation and menstrual cramps.

From a pharmacological point of view, Moutan is a powerful anti-inflammatory herb that may inhibit the production of prostaglandins.

This herb is often combined with gardenia to help clear heat from the body during the menstrual cycle.

#Lovage root for menstrual pain

The rhizome of lovage, or Sichuan lovage (Sichuan Lovage Rhizome, Ligusticum Wallichii, (Chuan Xiong))-  is one of the most powerful herbs for moving the blood in the body.

Stagnation of blood flow is often one of the biggest culprits behind stabbing, agonising pain in the body. One of the key principles in these situations is to get the blood moving.

A study found that the active constituent in the rhizome is able to relax the uterus. It is used to promote blood circulation and relieve pain. The plant is extremely useful in treating menstrual problems such as irregular periods, amenorrhoea (absence of periods), dysmenorrhoea (menstrual cramps) and even postpartum abdominal pain, headache and rheumatism.

One of the other main uses of this herb is reducing headaches!

From a Western point of view, lovage root is considered an anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and analgesic remedy.

#Other foods for menstrual disorders:

Banana flower – known to reduce heavy bleeding during the period

Cinnamon – reduces insulin resistance in women

Coriander seeds – balance the female hormone

Cold compress – ice can help constrict the blood vessels, which can lead to heavy bleeding. When they constrict, blood flow also decreases.

#Medicinal herbs for coping with painful periods

Menstruation in itself is, to put it mildly, extremely irritating, but the worse scenario is when a person experiences severe, painful cramps during this time. 

Menstrual disorders include dysmenorrhoea and increased or decreased duration and volume of menstrual bleeding, which occur in most women.

Dysmenorrhoea is a common gynaecological condition affecting about 50% of women of reproductive age. 

Primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without pelvic pathological causes, which usually appears within 1-2 years after menarche, at the same time as ovulatory cycles become established, and may last 48-72 hours per cycle. Dysmenorrhoea is therefore one of the main factors impairing quality of life and social activity.

Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) is another common gynaecological problem, affecting about 30% of women of reproductive age. Although it does not increase mortality in women, it has physical, psychological and social consequences, such as iron-deficiency anaemia, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs. According to the World Health Organization, 18 million women worldwide have menorrhagia.

Increased production of prostaglandin in the endometrium is one of the accepted hypotheses for the mechanism of dysmenorrhoea, and therefore prostaglandin inhibitors are the first line of treatment. 

The side effects of medical treatment include gastrointestinal upset in the form of nausea and vomiting, kidney disorders, stomach ulcers, dizziness, ringing in the ears, allergic reactions, side effects on the blood and liver, bleeding and spotting.

If you suffer from an unnaturally heavy flow during your period, a good idea in the first place is to see a health professional to rule out any problems such as hormonal imbalance or diseases of the uterus. If all of this has been ruled out and you still suffer from a heavy flow, then natural remedies may simply do you good.

Nowadays, women around the world are turning to medicinal herbs to cope with reproductive issues such as menstruation, infertility, pregnancy and childbirth. 

Herbal products are one of the most basic methods of fighting illness, and they have a significant advantage over chemical medicines because of greater acceptability and fewer side effects.

The medicinal herbs listed in this article are known to be effective for dysmenorrhoea and menstrual disorders.

Sometimes everything you need to cope with a particular situation, especially one involving heavy periods, can easily be found in the comfort of your own home. Just keep searching and exploring what is best for you.